Understanding, Main Objectives and History of Cognitive and Linguistic Anthropology

Comprehension
Is the relationship between language, culture, and cognition (interconnectedness).
The words used by people to objects, events, activities, expressed a sense of community, the influence of socio-cultural context of meaning and behavior.
For example: people who wear headscarves are seen in terms of shape that has significance or meaning of the person from kemasyarakatannya.
Main purpose:
Understand and give the world the members of a society of their own as the world's conceptualized and experienced by their own. -> To avoid bias caused by ethnocentrism.
History:
-> End of 1950 and early 1960
- New Ethnography
- Franz Boas (American anthropologist)
emphasize the cultural relativity -> every culture is unique and must be understood according to its own criteria of standards and norms of western society.
- Word H. Goodenough
Culture of a society made up of what must be known or believed to be able to function in such a way that is considered appropriate by members. Culture is not a material phenomenon, does not consist of objects, behaviors, and emotions to perceive, compute, and interpret.
- Sapir-Whorf (Anthropological Linguistics)
Language and culture are fully connected and fully shaped by the language of culture.
- EtnoSains
Focusing on the words to do with the categories of plants and animals, the aim to discover how people in different societies conceive the natural environment.
- Ethno Semantics
targeted at areas of law, and religion perobatan.
- Structural Anthropology: Leader "Claude Levi Strauss
Discover the structure and processes of the human mind is universal by examining regulation domains (domain). For example: Kinship and myth.
- Symbolic Anthropology
View culture as a system of symbols and shared meanings.
There are two figures:
A. Clifford Geertz
Have the symbolic meaning in social interaction rather than in individual minds.
Research: thick description: provides a culture in social life the right place.
2. David M. Schneider
Symbolic meaning contained in the abstract and a separate ranking of the ranking of social interaction: analysis of a separate symbol / no social life.
- Sociolinguistics Ethnography (Ethnography of speaking): People "Dell Hyme"
Noting the relationship between language and social context.
Goal: finding the social meaning conveyed in the use of contextual language.
Contextual: constraints for the appropriateness of behavior and how behavioral context inspired interpretation of non verbal and verbal (gestures, posture, expression).