Understanding, Main Objectives and History of Cognitive and Linguistic Anthropology

Comprehension
Is the relationship between language, culture, and cognition (interconnectedness).
The words used by people to objects, events, activities, expressed a sense of community, the influence of socio-cultural context of meaning and behavior.
For example: people who wear headscarves are seen in terms of shape that has significance or meaning of the person from kemasyarakatannya.
Main purpose:
Understand and give the world the members of a society of their own as the world's conceptualized and experienced by their own. -> To avoid bias caused by ethnocentrism.
History:
-> End of 1950 and early 1960
- New Ethnography
- Franz Boas (American anthropologist)
emphasize the cultural relativity -> every culture is unique and must be understood according to its own criteria of standards and norms of western society.
- Word H. Goodenough
Culture of a society made up of what must be known or believed to be able to function in such a way that is considered appropriate by members. Culture is not a material phenomenon, does not consist of objects, behaviors, and emotions to perceive, compute, and interpret.
- Sapir-Whorf (Anthropological Linguistics)
Language and culture are fully connected and fully shaped by the language of culture.
- EtnoSains
Focusing on the words to do with the categories of plants and animals, the aim to discover how people in different societies conceive the natural environment.
- Ethno Semantics
targeted at areas of law, and religion perobatan.
- Structural Anthropology: Leader "Claude Levi Strauss
Discover the structure and processes of the human mind is universal by examining regulation domains (domain). For example: Kinship and myth.
- Symbolic Anthropology
View culture as a system of symbols and shared meanings.
There are two figures:
A. Clifford Geertz
Have the symbolic meaning in social interaction rather than in individual minds.
Research: thick description: provides a culture in social life the right place.
2. David M. Schneider
Symbolic meaning contained in the abstract and a separate ranking of the ranking of social interaction: analysis of a separate symbol / no social life.
- Sociolinguistics Ethnography (Ethnography of speaking): People "Dell Hyme"
Noting the relationship between language and social context.
Goal: finding the social meaning conveyed in the use of contextual language.
Contextual: constraints for the appropriateness of behavior and how behavioral context inspired interpretation of non verbal and verbal (gestures, posture, expression).

Definition of Anthropology of Cognitive and Linguistic

Leads to cultural anthropology, which means the cognition namely Cognitive science, Language and Linguistics own means. In the discussion of this in terms of anthropology, linguistics or language prefers the past to learn the name or the cognitive science of culture. This is because language is the first level of the seven elements of culture are universal because that means that every culture has a different language. So in studying science in a culture, a culture must learn the language first.